BBL 105: Core Koine Greek Vocabulary & Nominals

High-Frequency New Testament Words, the Five Cases, Nouns, Articles, and Basic Verbs

Course Description

Welcome to BBL 105: Core Koine Greek Vocabulary & Nominals! Students build a strong foundation of the 300 highest-frequency words in the Greek New Testament while mastering the five Greek cases (Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Vocative), First, Second, and Third Declension nouns, the Greek article, adjectives, prepositions, pronouns, and Present Active Indicative verbs.

Interactive Companion Language Apps

• Hebrew Alphabet & Vowels Trainer — Interactive consonant, niqqud, and syllable practice
• Greek Alphabet & Grammar Trainer — Interactive alphabet, diphthong, and pronunciation practice
• Hebrew Vocabulary Flash Cards — High-frequency Old Testament Hebrew lexical drills
• Greek Vocabulary Flash Cards — High-frequency New Testament Greek lexical drills
• Manuscript Variant Analysis Platform — Compare MT, LXX, DSS, and Greek NT witnesses

Course Structure

This course is composed of an Interactive Syllabus and five comprehensive chapters. Each chapter includes a detailed Chapter Summary, five in-depth lessons with Lesson Check-in Quizzes, and a 10-question Chapter Test. The course culminates in a 30-question Final Course Exam (62 total learning steps).

Course Outline

Chapter 1: High-Frequency Theological Vocabulary of the Greek New Testament

• Lesson 1: Christological Vocabulary: Theos, Kyrios, Christos, Iesous, Huios, Logos, Pneuma
• Lesson 2: Soteriological Vocabulary: Charis, Pistis, Pisteuo, Dikaiosyne, Soter, Soteria, Hamartia
• Lesson 3: Ecclesiological and Ethical Vocabulary: Ekklesia, Agape, Agapao, Koinonia, Doulos, Mathetes
• Lesson 4: Eschatological and Kingdom Vocabulary: Basileia, Aion, Aionios, Zoe, Parousia, Doxa
• Lesson 5: High-Frequency Conjunctions and Particles (kai, de, gar, oun, alla, hoti, hina)

Chapter 2: The Greek Case System and First & Second Declension Nouns

• Lesson 1: How Inflection Works: Stem, Connecting Vowel, and Case Ending
• Lesson 2: Functions of the Five Cases: Nominative (Subject), Genitive (Possession), Dative (Indirect Object), Accusative (Direct Object), Vocative
• Lesson 3: Second Declension Masculine (-os) and Neuter (-on) Nouns (logos, theos, ergon, teknon)
• Lesson 4: First Declension Feminine (-a, -e) and Masculine (-as, -es) Nouns (hora, kardias, graphe, prophetes)
• Lesson 5: The Greek Definite Article (ho, he, to): The Master Key to Greek Case, Gender, and Number

Chapter 3: Third Declension Nouns, Adjectives, and Prepositions

• Lesson 1: Introduction to the Third Declension: Consonant Stems and Case Endings (sarx, charis, pistis, pneuma)
• Lesson 2: First/Second Declension Adjectives (agathos, hagios, dikaios, pistos)
• Lesson 3: Attributive, Predicate, and Substantival Positions of the Greek Adjective
• Lesson 4: Greek Prepositions with One, Two, and Three Cases (en, eis, ek, apo, dia, kata, meta, pros, hyper)
• Lesson 5: How Case Governs the Meaning of Greek Prepositions (Spatial, Temporal, and Instrumental)

Chapter 4: Greek Pronouns: Personal, Demonstrative, Relative, and Reflexive

• Lesson 1: First and Second Person Personal Pronouns (ego, hemeis, sy, hymeis)
• Lesson 2: The Threefold Function of autos: Personal Pronoun, Intensive Adjective, and Identical Adjective
• Lesson 3: Near and Far Demonstrative Pronouns (houtos ‘this’ and ekeinos ‘that’)
• Lesson 4: The Relative Pronoun (hos, he, ho) and Antecedent Agreement
• Lesson 5: Reflexive, Reciprocal (allelon), Interrogative (tis), and Indefinite (tis) Pronouns

Chapter 5: Present Indicative Verbs and Basic Clause Translation

• Lesson 1: Anatomy of the Greek Verb: Person, Number, Tense-Form, Voice, and Mood
• Lesson 2: Present Active Indicative of lyo (‘I loose’) and Contract Verbs (-ao, -eo, -oo)
• Lesson 3: Present Indicative of eimi (‘I am’) and Predicate Nominatives
• Lesson 4: Present Middle and Passive Indicative (-omai, -e, -etai, -ometha, -esthe, -ontai)
• Lesson 5: Guided Translation Lab: Reading 1 John 1:1-10 and John 1:1-14 in Koine Greek

Assessments & Grading

• Lesson Check-in Quizzes: 25 short check-in quizzes following each core lesson to reinforce retention.
• Chapter Tests: Five 10-question Chapter Tests reviewing each chapter’s linguistic and exegetical concepts (80% passing score).
• Final Course Exam: A 30-question comprehensive Final Exam covering all five chapters (80% passing score).